Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Steketee RW[original query] |
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World Malaria Day 2021: Commemorating 15 Years of Contribution by the United States President's Malaria Initiative.
Steketee RW , Choi M , Linn A , Florey L , Murphy M , Panjabi R . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021 104 (6) 1955-1959 World Malaria Day 2021 coincides with the 15th anniversary of the United States President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) and follows the first anniversary of the declaration of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. From 2006 to the present, the PMI has led to considerable country-managed progress in malaria prevention, care, and treatment in 24 of the highest-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa and three countries in the Southeast Asia Greater Mekong subregion. Furthermore, it has contributed to a 29% reduction in malaria cases and a 60% reduction in the death rates in sub-Saharan Africa. In this context of progress, substantial heterogeneity persists within and between countries, such that malaria control programs can seek subnational elimination in some populations but others still experience substantial malaria disease and death. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most malaria programs have shown resilience in delivering prevention campaigns, but many experienced important disruptions in their care and treatment of malaria illness. Confronting the COVID-19 pandemic and building on the progress against malaria will require fortitude, including strengthening the quality and ensuring the safety and resiliency of the existing programs, extending services to those currently not reached, and supporting the people and partners closest to those in need. |
Genetic evidence for imported malaria and local transmission in Richard Toll, Senegal.
Daniels RF , Schaffner SF , Dieye Y , Dieng G , Hainsworth M , Fall FB , Diouf CN , Ndiop M , Cisse M , Gueye AB , Sarr O , Guinot P , Deme AB , Bei AK , Sy M , Thwing J , MacInnis B , Earle D , Guinovart C , Sene D , Hartl DL , Ndiaye D , Steketee RW , Wirth DF , Volkman SK . Malar J 2020 19 (1) 276 BACKGROUND: Malaria elimination efforts can be undermined by imported malaria infections. Imported infections are classified based on travel history. METHODS: A genetic strategy was applied to better understand the contribution of imported infections and to test for local transmission in the very low prevalence region of Richard Toll, Senegal. RESULTS: Genetic relatedness analysis, based upon molecular barcode genotyping data derived from diagnostic material, provided evidence for both imported infections and ongoing local transmission in Richard Toll. Evidence for imported malaria included finding that a large proportion of Richard Toll parasites were genetically related to parasites from Thiès, Senegal, a region of moderate transmission with extensive available genotyping data. Evidence for ongoing local transmission included finding parasites of identical genotype that persisted across multiple transmission seasons as well as enrichment of highly related infections within the households of non-travellers compared to travellers. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that, while a large number of infections may have been imported, there remains ongoing local malaria transmission in Richard Toll. These proof-of-concept findings underscore the value of genetic data to identify parasite relatedness and patterns of transmission to inform optimal intervention selection and placement. |
Targeting of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria
Steketee RW , Slutsker L . Lancet Infect Dis 2012 12 (3) 168-9 Common sense dictates that African children surviving hospital admittance for severe malaria and anaemia likely remain at high risk of malaria reinfection and should be followed up closely in the months after discharge. In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Kamija Phiri and colleagues1 report a randomised placebo-controlled trial showing that, for such children admitted to hospital and requiring blood transfusion, initial (during hospital stay) and then repeated treatment with artemether–lumefantrine at 1 month and 2 months after discharge provides substantial short-term benefit by lowering the likelihood of death, hospital admittance, and recurrence of severe anaemia compared with placebo (protective efficacy in 1–6 months after discharge was 31%, 95% CI 5–50; p=0·02). | For malaria control, this approach represents a potential new intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) strategy and builds on the use of such strategies in areas of high malaria transmission during pregnancy,2 infancy,3 and in children living in areas of highly seasonal malaria transmission.4 Because malaria treatment programmes include IPT, examination of its basis and the context in which it has value is important, especially because of the substantial reduction in malaria transmission in some African countries. |
Protective efficacy of malaria case management and intermittent preventive treatment for preventing malaria mortality in children: a systematic review for the Lives Saved Tool
Thwing J , Eisele TP , Steketee RW . BMC Public Health 2011 11 Suppl 3 S14 BACKGROUND: The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) model was developed to estimate the impact of the scale-up of child survival interventions on child mortality. New advances in antimalarials have improved their efficacy of treating uncomplicated and severe malaria. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and parenteral or rectal artemisinin or quinine for severe malaria syndromes have been shown to be very effective for the treatment of malaria in children. These interventions are now being considered for inclusion in the LiST model. However, for obvious ethical reasons, their protective efficacy (PE) compared to placebo is unknown and their impact on reducing malaria-attributable mortality has not been quantified. METHODS: We performed systematic literature reviews of published studies in P. falciparum endemic settings to determine the protective efficacy (PE) of ACT treatment against malaria deaths among children with uncomplicated malaria, as well as the PE of effective case management including parenteral quinine against malaria deaths among all hospitalized children. As no randomized placebo-controlled trials of malaria treatment have been conducted, we used multiple data sources to ascertain estimates of PE, including a previously performed Delphi estimate for treatment of uncomplicated malaria. RESULTS: Based on multiple data sources, we estimate the PE of ACT treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria on reducing malaria mortality in children 1-23 months to be 99% (range: 94-100%), and in children 24-59 months to be 97% (range: 86-99%). We estimate the PE of treatment of severe P. falciparum malaria with effective case management including intravenous quinine on reducing malaria mortality in children 1-59 months to be 82% (range: 63-94%) compared to no treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review quantifies the PE of ACT used for treating uncomplicated malaria and effective case management including parenteral quinine for treating severe P. falciparum malaria for preventing malaria mortality in children <5. These data will be used in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) model for estimating the impact of scaling-up these interventions against malaria. However, in order to estimate the reduction in child mortality due to scale-up of these interventions, it is imperative to develop standardized indicators to measure population coverage of these interventions. |
Associations between peripheral Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasitemia, human immunodeficiency virus, and concurrent helminthic infection among pregnant women in Malawi
Thigpen MC , Filler SJ , Kazembe PN , Parise ME , Macheso A , Campbell CH , Newman RD , Steketee RW , Hamel M . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011 84 (3) 379-85 Approximately 2 billion persons worldwide are infected with schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthes (STH), many in areas where endemic malaria transmission coexists. Few data exist on associations between these infections. Nested within a larger clinical trial, primigravid and secundigravid women provided blood samples for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and peripheral malaria films and stool and urine for evaluation of STH and Schistosoma spp. during their initial antenatal clinic visit. The most common parasitic infections were malaria (37.6%), S. haematobium (32.3%), and hookworm (14.4%); 14.2% of women were HIV-infected. S. haematobium infection was associated with lower malarial parasite densities (344 versus 557 parasites/muL blood; P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, HIV and hookworm infection were independently associated with malaria infection (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9 and 95% confidence interval = 1.2-3.0 for HIV; adjusted odds ratio = 1.9 and 95% confidence interval = 1.03-3.5 for hookworm). Concurrent helminthic infection had both positive and negative effects on malaria parasitemia among pregnant women in Malawi. |
Caution is required when using health facility-based data to evaluate the health impact of malaria control efforts in Africa
Rowe AK , Kachur SP , Yoon SS , Lynch M , Slutsker L , Steketee RW . Malar J 2009 8 209 The global health community is interested in the health impact of the billions of dollars invested to fight malaria in Africa. A recent publication used trends in malaria cases and deaths based on health facility records to evaluate the impact of malaria control efforts in Rwanda and Ethiopia. Although the authors demonstrate the use of facility-based data to estimate the impact of malaria control efforts, they also illustrate several pitfalls of such analyses that should be avoided, minimized, or actively acknowledged. A critique of this analysis is presented because many country programmes and donors are interested in evaluating programmatic impact with facility-based data. Key concerns related to: 1) clarifying the objective of the analysis; 2) data validity; 3) data representativeness; 4) the exploration of trends in factors that could influence malaria rates and thus confound the relationship between intervention scale-up and the observed changes in malaria outcomes; 5) the analytic approaches, including small numbers of patient outcomes, selective reporting of results, and choice of statistical and modeling methods; and 6) internal inconsistency on the strength and interpretation of the data. In conclusion, evaluations of malaria burden reduction using facility-based data could be very helpful, but those data should be collected, analysed, and interpreted with care, transparency, and a full recognition of their limitations. |
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